Here, I will share about the history of the development of memory (RAM) a computer since the early discovered until the present type of computer memory
1. RAM
RAM stands for Random Access Memory invented by Robert Dennard and produced on a large - scale by Intel in 1968, long before the PC invented by IBM in 1981. Hence the development of RAM starts. At the beginning of creation, RAM requires a voltage of 5.0 volts to be able to run at a frequency 4,77MHz, with memory access time (access time) of about 200ns (1ns = 10-9 seconds).
2.DRAM
In 1970, IBM created a memory, called DRAM. DRAM itself stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. Dynamic Named because this type of memory at any specific time intervals, always renew the validity of the information or its contents. DRAM has a working frequency varied, ie between 4,77MHz up to 40MHz.
3. FPRAMFast Page Mode DRAM or shortened by FPM DRAM discovered around 1987. Since its launch, this type of memory direct marketing dominate memory, and people often refer to this type of memory "DRAM" alone, without naming FPM. This type of memory works like an index or table of contents. Meaning Page itself is part of the memory contained on a row address. When the system requires the contents of a memory address, FPM simply take information about them based on an index that has been owned.FPM allows faster data transfer on the line (row) of the same from the previous memory types. FPM works in the frequency range of 16MHz to 66MHz with an access time of about 50ns. In addition FPM is able to process data transfer (bandwidth) of 188.71 Mega Bytes (MB) per second. FPM memory is widely used on Intel-based systems 286, 386 and 486 bit.
4. EDORAM
In 1995, was created memory type Extended Data Output Dynamic Random Access Memory (EDO DRAM) which is a refinement of the FPM. EDO memory may shorten its read cycle so that it can improve its performance by about 20 percent. EDO has access time is quite varied, which is about 70ns to 50ns and works at a frequency of 33MHz to 75MHz. Although EDO is a refinement of the FPM, but both can not be installed simultaneously, because of differences in ability.
EDO DRAM memory used in systems based on Intel 486 and Pentium-compatible initial generation.
5. SDRAM PC66
At the turn of the year 1996 - 1997, Kingston created a memory module which can work at the speed (frequency) the same bus / sync with the frequency that works on the processor. That is why this type of memory called Kingston as Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM). SDRAM is then better known as PC66 because it works at a frequency of 66MHz bus. Unlike the previous memory types require fairly high working voltage, SDRAM only requires a voltage of 3.3 volts and has an access time of 10ns.With the best ability at the time and had been mass produced, not only by Kingston alone, it is quickly becoming the standard memory of this PC66 memory of that moment. Processor-based systems such as the Intel Pentium Socket 7 classic (P75 - P266MMX) and compatibles from AMD, WinChip, IDT, and so it can work very quickly with the use of this PC66 memory. Even Intel Celeron II early generations are still using PC66 SDRAM memory system.
6. SDRAM PC100
Lapse within a year after PC66 mass produced and used, Intel made a new standard type of memory that is the development of PC66 memory. This new standard created by Intel to balance the system with the system chipset i440BX Slot 1 is also created by Intel. This chipset is designed to be able to work on bus frequency of 100MHz. This chipset simultaneously developed by Intel to be paired with the latest Intel Pentium II processor that works at 100MHz bus. Due to work on the system bus frequency of 100MHz while Intel still wants to use the system memory SDRAM, SDRAM memory is developed which can work at 100MHz bus frequency. Like its predecessor PC66, SDRAM memory is then known as PC100.By using the working voltage of 3.3 volts, have PC100 memory access time of 8ns, shorter than PC66. In addition PC100 memory can stream data at 800MB per second.
Almost identical to its predecessor, the memory PC100 has brought changes in the computer system. Slot-based processor not only one who uses PC100 memory, Socket 7-based system was updated to be able to use PC100 memory. Then came the so-called Super Socket 7. An example of a system that uses a socket Super7 processor is AMD K6-2, Intel Pentium II generation late, and early generation of Intel Pentium II and Intel Celeron II generation early.
7. DR DRAM
In 1999, Rambus memory system by creating a new architecture and a revolutionary, totally different from SDRAM.Oleh Rambus memory architecture, this memory is called Direct Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. By simply using a voltage of 2.5 volts, RDRAM working on 800MHz system bus via a bus system called Direct Rambus Channel, able to stream data at 1,6GB per second! (1GB = 1000MHz). Unfortunately sophistication DRDRAM can not be utilized by the system chipset and processor at that time that this memory is a lack of support from various parties. One more thing that makes this memory is less desirable because the price is very expensive.
8. PC800 RDRAM
Still in the same year, Rambus has also developed an other memory types with the same ability to DRDRAM. The difference lies only in the necessary working voltage. If DRDRAM require a voltage of 2.5 volts, then the PC800 RDRAM work at a voltage of 3.3 volts. The fate of RDRAM memory is almost the same as DRDRAM, less desirable, if not utilized by Intel.Intel has managed to create a very high-speed processor requires a memory system that is able to keep up and work together well. SDRAM memory types is not worth it anymore. Intel requires more than that. With dipasangkannya Intel Pentium4, RDRAM name soar, and the longer the price is getting down.
9. SDRAM PC133
In addition to the development of PC800 RDRAM memory in 1999, SDRAM memory has not been abandoned, even by Viking, even more enhanced. As the name implies, this PC133 SDRAM memory working at 133MHz frequency bus with an access time of 7,5ns and can stream data at 1,06GB per second. Although PC133 developed to work at a frequency of 133MHz bus, but this memory is also capable of running at 100MHz bus frequency, although not as good as the capabilities of the PC100 at that frequency.
10. SDRAM PC150
SDRAM memory development is increasingly becoming - so after Mushkin, in 2000 successfully developed a memory chip that is capable of working at a frequency of 150MHz bus, although in fact there has been no official standards regarding the frequency of the bus system or chipset of this magnitude. Still with a working voltage of 3.3 volts, have PC150 memory access time for 7NS and can stream data at 1,28GB per second.This memory is intentionally created for the purposes of overclockers, but users gaming applications and 3-dimensional graphics, desktop publishing, and server computers can take advantage with PC150 memory.
11. DDR SDRAM
Still in 2000, successfully developed the ability Crucial SDRAM memory to be doubled. If the regular SDRAM is only able to execute the instruction once every single bus frequency clock cycle, the DDR SDRAM is able to execute two instructions at the same time. The technique used is to use fully the wave frequency. If the ordinary SDRAM only perform the instructions on the positive wave, then DDR SDRAM running instruction both on the positive and negative wave wave. Therefore, from this it is called DDR SDRAM memory which is short for Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.With DDR SDRAM memory, system bus with a frequency of 100-133 MHz will work effectively at a frequency of 200-266 MHz. DDR SDRAM first used in ultra-speed AGP graphics card. While the use of the processor, AMD ThunderBird was the first to use it.
12. DDR RAM
In 1999 the two big companies microprocessor INTEL and AMD compete in increasing the clock speed of the CPU. But confronted with obstacles, because when increasing the memory bus to 133 MHz needs Memory (RAM) will be greater. And to solve this problem then be made DDR RAM (double data rate transfer) which was originally used on a graphics card, because now you can use only 32 MB to 64 MB gain the ability. AMD is the first company to use DDR RAM on the motherboard.
13. DDR2 RAM
When the memory type DDR (Double Data Rate) perceived start slowing down with accelerated performance processors and graphics processors, DDR2 memory presence is a logical advancement in memory technology refers to the addition of speed and anticipation of increasingly wide triangular access point processors, memory, and interface graphics (graphic card) which comes with double the computing speed.The main differences between DDR and DDR2 is at data rates as well as increased latency doubled. This change is intended to generate maximum speed in a computing environment that is increasingly rapidly, both in terms of processor and graphics.In addition, the need for DDR2 voltage also decreases. If the DDR voltage requirement was 2.5 Volt, the DDR2 these needs only 1.8 Volt. That is, technological advances in this DDR2 requires less power to write and read in the memory.DDR2 own technology first used on some graphics interface device, and eventually introduced new technology usage in RAM. And DDR2 technology is not compatible with DDR memory, so its use can only be done on a computer that does support DDR2.
14. DDR3 RAM
The DDR3 RAM has a power requirement is reduced by about 16% compared to DDR2. It is because DDR3 is already using 90 nm technology so konsusmsi power required only 1.5v, much less when compared to DDR2 and DDR 2.5V 1.8v. In theory, the speed of which is owned by RAM is indeed quite stunning. He was able to transfer data at an effective clock of 800-1600 MHz. In the 400-800 MHz clock, much higher than DDR2 at 400-1066 MHz (200- 533 MHz) and 200-600 MHz for DDR (100-300 MHz). Prototypes of DDR3 which has 240 pins. It has actually been introduced a long time ago at the beginning of 2005. However, the product itself actually emerged in mid-2007 in conjunction with a motherboard that uses the Intel P35 Bearlake chipset and the motherboard supports DIMM slots
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